https://www.ajips.org/index.php/ajips <p class="aboutus-text"><strong>ASIAN Journal of International Peace and Security (AJIPS)</strong> is an <strong>HEC recognized (Y category) </strong>quarterly [since 2021, previously biannual (2020 and annual 2017-2019)] double-blind peer-review research journal of the <strong>Foundation for Advancement of Independent Research and Learning for International Peace and Security (FAIRLIPS).</strong> The foundation aims to promote independent research and learning, both indispensable for securing international peace and security.</p> <p class="aboutus-text">The journal endeavors to advance the mission, principles, aims, and objectives of the foundation. It believes in the principles of strict adherence to objectivity, impartiality, and neutrality as well as access to truth and its transmission. Its main aim is to supplement the foundation’s objectives particularly: to create, promote and disseminate knowledge, and; to provide researchers from all over the world especially from the developing states such as Pakistan and other regional countries a forum to help publish their research on fast track basis.</p> Foundation for Advancement of Independent Research & Learning for International Peace & Security (FAIRLIPS) en-US ASIAN Journal of International Peace & Security (AJIPS) 2707-8809 https://www.ajips.org/index.php/ajips/article/view/2026-vol-10-issue-2-the-second-generation-threat <p>Existing counter-extremism scholarship and governance practice remain largely anchored to the Islamic State threat model of 2014–2018, which assumed centralized production, stylistically recognizable output, and predominantly Arabic and English distribution. Whether that framework is still adequate for the South Asian threat environment is the question this article addresses. Generative AI tools have, since approximately 2019, enabled decentralized Militant Islamist networks to produce vernacular-language propaganda at near-zero marginal cost, a qualitative shift that the post-2014 counter-extremism consensus did not anticipate. Drawing on a structured comparative case study of three national sub-systems, Pakistan’s Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan and its Umar Media wing, Bangladesh’s Ansar al-Islam ecosystem, and India’s WhatsApp distribution environment, and applying Marc Sageman’s network theory of leaderless jihad alongside Tarleton Gillespie’s platform governance framework, with J. M. Berger’s account of algorithmic amplification as a bridging device, the analysis identifies three compounding structural deficits in the current governance architecture: a South Asian vernacular language moderation gap, an absence of definitional categories for AI-generated content in national regulatory frameworks, and inter-state coordination failures shaped by competing geopolitical interests.</p> Kalim Ullah Muhammad Umar Abbasi Copyright (c) 2026 ASIAN Journal of International Peace & Security (AJIPS) 2026-06-10 2026-06-10 10 2 1 16